PageMaker

Using the Adobe PageMaker Toolbox

The Pointer Tool

The Pointer tool enables you to pick, drag and drop text boxes, images and other objects, which can then be resized, moved or can have their attributes changed.


Text Tool
The Text tool enables you to select and edit text, as well as insert text boxes. Click the text tool and then click on the document and start typing in text.

Rotate Tool
The rotate tool enables you to rotate a text box or image to a desired angle. Select the rotate tool, and click on the object's reference point. Drag the object to the angle you want it to be.

Crop Tool
Enables you to crop imported images down to size. You can only use this Pagemaker tool on .tiff images.
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Oblique Line Tool
Enables you to draw straight lines at an angle. Click on the oblique line tool, then click on the document. Drag in the desired direction to draw a line.
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Constrained Line Tool
The constrained line tool enables you to draw horizontal, vertical and 45-degree angle lines. Click on the constrained line tool, then click on the document. Drag in the desired direction to draw a line.
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Box Tool
The box tool enables you to create rectangular shapes. Select the box tool and click on the document. Drag to create a rectangular shape.
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Rectangle Frame Tool
The rectangle frame tool enables you to create a rectangular text box that you can type your text into. Select the rectangle frame tool, then click on the document. Drag to draw a rectangular frame. Select the Text tool from the toolbox and click inside the frame. Type in your text. The text will be confined within the text box.

Circle Tool
The circle tool enables you to create a circular or oval shape. Select the circle tool, click on the document. Drag to draw a circle or ellipse.

Circular Frame Tool
The circular frame tool enables you to create a circular or oval-shaped text box that you can type your text into. Select the circular frame tool, then click on the document. Drag to draw the circular frame. Select the text tool from the toolbox and click inside the frame. Type in your text. The text will be confined within the text box.

Polygon Tool
The polygon tool enables you to create a shape that has more than four sides. Select the circular frame tool, then click on the document. Drag to draw the polygonal shape. To modify the polygonal shape, click on Element and then select Polygon Settings from the drop down menu.
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Polygon Frame Tool
The polygon frame tool enables you to create a polygonal text box. Select the polygon frame tool, then click on the document. Drag to draw the polygon frame. Select the text tool from the toolbox and click inside the frame. Type in your text. The text will be confined within the text box.
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Hand Tool
The hand tool enables you to reposition a page on your screen for optimal view. It is especially useful when you are working with a large document and need to navigate a large page. Select the hand tool and click on the page. Drag to navigate from one part of the page to another.
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Zoom Tool
The zoom tool enables you to magnify or shrink the area of the page on your screen.
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Summary of the PageMaker Tools and Their Functions

Getting to Know the the PageMaker Workplace
The PageMaker workspace gives you access to all of the powerful tools and features of this versatile program. It features a menu bar across the top of your screen, the PageMaker window that contains your document, and a range of tools and palettes that you can use to create and edit a document. This article will familiarize you with the PageMaker workspace and its variety of features.
The PageMaker Workspace

The PageMaker window is designed to provide a number of elements to facilitate creating and editing a document. Learning the purpose of these elements will make working in PageMaker much easier. Here are the elements that you are most likely to use:
Elements of the PageMaker Window

Title Bar
The title bar will display the name of your document. If you are working with a brand new document and have yet to name it, the title bar will simply read: Untitled-1.
Rulers
PageMaker provides two customizable rulers, which run horizontally and vertically along your screen. You can set the rulers to measure in either inches or picas (picas are a unit of measurement unique to typography. One pica is equivalent to 12 points, which is about 1/6 of an inch).

Pasteboard
This is the background that lies behind your PageMaker document. It is a handy element to use if you need to move text or images between pages. You can also place these items on the pasteboard until you decide where to position them on the page. Any text or images that you place on the pasteboard won't print.

Page Icons
The numbered page icons at the bottom left-hand corner of your screen each represent the pages of the document you are working on. The icon of the particular page that you are viewing will be highlighted.
The L and R icons in the extreme left represent your master pages. Any items on the master pages appear on all of the document's pages.
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Page Boundaries
These represent the edges of your paper. Any text or images that lie outside the boundaries or overlap them will not be printed.
Scroll Bars
Much like Word and other Microsoft programs, these are designed to enable you to move from one point to the other on the page you are working on. However, you won't use the scroll bars to move from one page to another.
Resize Box
This is located in the lower right-hand corner of the screen, and is used to adjust the size of the window. To resize the window, you will click and drag here to adjust the window to the size you desire.
Previous Size Box
Also called the "Refresh Box," this feature is in the upper right corner and is used to refresh your screen display. It is particularly useful if you are experimenting with different styles and sizes. Using this feature clears the screen of previous edits so you can start afresh.
Accessing the PageMaker Toolbox
To display and access the Toolbox, click on the "Window" menu and click on "Tools." The toolbox will now be displayed. You can toggle between a visible and hidden toolbox as needed to maximize your workspace.
How to Display Rulers
PageMaker's horizontal and vertical rulers are designed to help you position the different elements on your page. They need to be visible if you want to use the ruler guides.
· To display the rulers, click on the View menu and then select Show Rulers.
· To hide the rulers, select Hide Rulers in theView menu.
· To toggle between displaying and hiding the rulers use the short cut: [Ctrl + R]
How to Change the Ruler Unit of Measurements
You can specify and change the system of measurement to use for your rulers. In the Windows version of PageMaker, you can even choose a different measurement unit for each ruler. Here's how to change ruler unit of measurements:
· Click on the File menu, and then select Preferences.
· Click on General… to open the Preferences dialog box. (Short Cut: Ctrl+K).
· Click on the Measurements in drop-down list, and choose a measurement system for your horizontal ruler.
· Click on the Vertical ruler drop-down list, and choose a measurement system for your vertical ruler.
· Click on OK.
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How to Use the PageMaker Ruler Guides
The PageMaker ruler guides are non-printing lines that help you position text and images on the pages of your document precisely. You can display, hide lock, move and remove the ruler guides as your needs change.
Displaying Ruler Guides
You need to display the ruler guides in order to use them to position elements in the document, but you can also hide them if you want to view just the elements that will print.
· To display the ruler guides, click on the View menu and then select Show Guides.
· To hide the ruler guides when they are activated, select Hide Guides under in the View menu.
· To toggle between showing and hiding the ruler guides, use the short cut: [Ctrl + ;]
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Locking Ruler Guides
You can lock the Ruler Guides in place to avoid moving them unintentionally.
· To lock the ruler guides, click on the View menu and then select Lock Guides.
· To unlock the Ruler Guides, deselect Lock Guides under in the View menu.
· To toggle between locking and unlocking the Guides use the shortcut: [Alt+Ctrl+ ]
Positioning Ruler Guides
You can position new ruler guides as needed so as to align elements in your document. You can create as many ruler guides as you need.
· Display the horizontal or vertical ruler from which you want to position the guide [View >> Show Rulers]
· Click on the Pointer tool and then position it anywhere in the ruler area. Now click and hold.
· Drag and drop the guide to the position you desire on your document. The new guide will appear as a colored line.
· You can reposition a ruler guide at any time with a similar drag and drop method. If the guide is locked, you need to unlock it [View >> Lock Guides] before you can move it.
Removing Ruler Guides
You can remove your ruler guides individually or all at one time.
· To remove an individual guide, select the pointer tool, then click and hold your guide. Drag it back into the ruler area, and then release.
· To remove the ruler guides all at one time, click on the View menu and then select Clear Ruler Guides. This will remove all the ruler guides you placed in the document, leaving the column and margin guides behind.
NOTE: If the guide is locked, you need to unlock it [View >> Lock Guides] before you can remove it.
Using "Snap To"
You can position elements in your document by forcing alignment. This is a quick way to position multiple elements consistently. You can do this by making the element or elements align with (snap to) your ruler increments or to ruler guides.
· To snap to rulers, click on the View menu and then select Snap to Rulers. This snaps the object to the nearest ruler increment.
· To snap to a guide, click on the View menu and then select Snap to Guides. This snaps the object to a ruler guide if it is moved within 3 pixels of the guide.
· To deactivate the Snap to feature, click the View menu and deselect the option.

How to Display the Control Palette

To display the Control Palette
· Click on the Window menu and then select Show Control Palette from the drop-down box.
To stop displaying the control palette
· Click on the Window menu and then select Hide Control Palette from the drop-down box.
The Different Modes of the PageMaker Control Panel
The Control Palette is context-sensitive, and will change from one mode or view to another depending on the tool that you select from the toolbox. Each mode provides different functions and enables you to manipulate your text and images by adjusting settings in the Control Palette.
Character and Paragragh Modes
You can use the Control Palette to format text when you are in layout view or in the story editor. You can switch between two modes as desired to format your text:
· Character Mode
· Paragraph Mode
Control Palette In Character Mode
Use this mode to change character attributes. When you select the text tool, the Control Palette will be displayed in character mode. It displays and lets you adjust the properties of one or more characters in your text, including fonts, type size, type style, leading, Kerning, tracking and width of your text.
Control Palette In Paragraph Mode
Use this mode to display and change the attributes of one or more selected paragraphs. You can adjust attributes such as displays paragraph styles, indentation, alignment, paragraph spacing and alignment as well as grid alignment and grid spacing.
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Using the Control Palette in Object Mode
When you select an object, the Control Palette will be displayed in object mode. It displays and lets you adjust the properties of your object, including: the reference point, size, position, cropping, scaling and printer resolution, as well as horizontal and vertical reflection. You can also skew, scale or rotate the object using the Control Palette in object mode.
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Three Other Modes of the Control Palette
The Pointer Mode
The Pointer View indicates the X and Y coordinates of your pointer as you move it within the PageMaker window.
Placed Object Mode
When you select an image using your Pointer tool, the Placed Object View will display information on that graphic, such as its height, width and coordinates. It also gives you the options to crop, scale and rotate the image.
In-Line Graphic Mode
The In-Line Graphic View displays information about a selected image relative to the text that is around it. It also enables you to crop the image, as well as increase or decrease the spacing between the image and the text that surrounds it.
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Quick Tip
It is helpful to always keep your Control Palette open. A convenient place to dock it is at the top of the window, just under the menu bar.

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A TO Z LINUX BASH COMMAND

 
A TO Z LINUX BASH COMMAND (MOST IMPORTANT FOR STUDY)

  adduser  Add a user to the system
  addgroup Add a group to the system
  alias    Create an alias •
  apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)
  apt-get  Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
  aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
  aspell   Spell Checker
  awk      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
  basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames
  bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell
  bc       Arbitrary precision calculator language
  bg       Send to background
  break    Exit from a loop •
  builtin  Run a shell builtin
  bzip2    Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
  cal      Display a calendar
  case     Conditionally perform a command
  cat      Concatenate and print (display) the contents of file(s)
  cd       Change Directory
  cfdisk   Partition table manipulator for Linux
  chgrp    Change group ownership
  chmod    Change access permissions
  chown    Change file owner and group
  chroot   Run a command with a different root directory
  chkconfig System services (runlevel)
  cksum    Print CRC checksum and byte counts
  clear    Clear terminal screen
  cmp      Compare two files
  comm     Compare two sorted files line by line
  command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
  continue Resume the next iteration of a loop •
  cp       Copy one or more files to another location
  cron     Daemon to execute scheduled commands
  crontab  Schedule a command to run at a later time
  csplit   Split a file into context-determined pieces
  cut      Divide a file into several parts
d
  date     Display or change the date & time
  dc       Desk Calculator
  dd       Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
  ddrescue Data recovery tool
  declare  Declare variables and give them attributes •
  df       Display free disk space
  diff     Display the differences between two files
  diff3    Show differences among three files
  dig      DNS lookup
  dir      Briefly list directory contents
  dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
  dirname  Convert a full pathname to just a path
  dirs     Display list of remembered directories
  dmesg    Print kernel & driver messages
  du       Estimate file space usage
e
  echo     Display message on screen •
  egrep    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
  eject    Eject removable media
  enable   Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
  env      Environment variables
  ethtool  Ethernet card settings
  eval     Evaluate several commands/arguments
  exec     Execute a command
  exit     Exit the shell
  expect   Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
  expand   Convert tabs to spaces
  export   Set an environment variable
  expr     Evaluate expressions
f
  false    Do nothing, unsuccessfully
  fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
  fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux
  fg       Send job to foreground
  fgrep    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
  file     Determine file type
  find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
  fmt      Reformat paragraph text
  fold     Wrap text to fit a specified width.
  for      Expand words, and execute commands
  format   Format disks or tapes
  free     Display memory usage
  fsck     File system consistency check and repair
  ftp      File Transfer Protocol
  function Define Function Macros
  fuser    Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
  gawk     Find and Replace text within file(s)
  getopts  Parse positional parameters
  grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
  groups   Print group names a user is in
  gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
  hash     Remember the full pathname of a name argument
  head     Output the first part of file(s)
  help     Display help for a built-in command •
  history  Command History
  hostname Print or set system name
i
  iconv    Convert the character set of a file
  id       Print user and group id's
  if       Conditionally perform a command
  ifconfig Configure a network interface
  ifdown   Stop a network interface
  ifup     Start a network interface up
  import   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
  install  Copy files and set attributes
j
  jobs     List active jobs •
  join     Join lines on a common field
k
  kill     Stop a process from running
  killall  Kill processes by name
l
  less     Display output one screen at a time
  let      Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
  ln       Make links between files
  local    Create variables •
  locate   Find files
  logname  Print current login name
  logout   Exit a login shell •
  look     Display lines beginning with a given string
  lpc      Line printer control program
  lpr      Off line print
  lprint   Print a file
  lprintd  Abort a print job
  lprintq  List the print queue
  lprm     Remove jobs from the print queue
  ls       List information about file(s)
  lsof     List open files
m
  make     Recompile a group of programs
  man      Help manual
  mkdir    Create new folder(s)
  mkfifo   Make FIFOs (named pipes)
  mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
  mknod    Make block or character special files
  more     Display output one screen at a time
  mount    Mount a file system
  mtools   Manipulate MS-DOS files
  mtr      Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
  mv       Move or rename files or directories
  mmv      Mass Move and rename (files)
n
  netstat  Networking information
  nice     Set the priority of a command or job
  nl       Number lines and write files
  nohup    Run a command immune to hangups
  notify-send  Send desktop notifications
  nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
  open     Open a file in its default application
  op       Operator access
p
  passwd   Modify a user password
  paste    Merge lines of files
  pathchk  Check file name portability
  ping     Test a network connection
  pkill    Stop processes from running
  popd     Restore the previous value of the current directory
  pr       Prepare files for printing
  printcap Printer capability database
  printenv Print environment variables
  printf   Format and print data •
  ps       Process status
  pushd    Save and then change the current directory
  pwd      Print Working Directory
q
  quota    Display disk usage and limits
  quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
  quotactl Set disk quotas
r
  ram      ram disk device
  rcp      Copy files between two machines
  read     Read a line from standard input •
  readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
  readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
  reboot   Reboot the system
  rename   Rename files
  renice   Alter priority of running processes
  remsync  Synchronize remote files via email
  return   Exit a shell function
  rev      Reverse lines of a file
  rm       Remove files
  rmdir    Remove folder(s)
  rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
  screen   Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
  scp      Secure copy (remote file copy)
  sdiff    Merge two files interactively
  sed      Stream Editor
  select   Accept keyboard input
  seq      Print numeric sequences
  set      Manipulate shell variables and functions
  sftp     Secure File Transfer Program
  shift    Shift positional parameters
  shopt    Shell Options
  shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
  sleep    Delay for a specified time
  slocate  Find files
  sort     Sort text files
  source   Run commands from a file `.'
  split    Split a file into fixed-size pieces
  ssh      Secure Shell client (remote login program)
  strace   Trace system calls and signals
  su       Substitute user identity
  sudo     Execute a command as another user
  sum      Print a checksum for a file
  suspend  Suspend execution of this shell •
  symlink  Make a new name for a file
  sync     Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
  tail     Output the last part of files
  tar      Tape ARchiver
  tee      Redirect output to multiple files
  test     Evaluate a conditional expression
  time     Measure Program running time
  times    User and system times
  touch    Change file timestamps
  top      List processes running on the system
  traceroute Trace Route to Host
  trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
  tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
  true     Do nothing, successfully
  tsort    Topological sort
  tty      Print filename of terminal on stdin
  type     Describe a command •
u
  ulimit   Limit user resources •
  umask    Users file creation mask
  umount   Unmount a device
  unalias  Remove an alias •
  uname    Print system information
  unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
  uniq     Uniquify files
  units    Convert units from one scale to another
  unset    Remove variable or function names
  unshar   Unpack shell archive scripts
  until    Execute commands (until error)
  useradd  Create new user account
  usermod  Modify user account
  users    List users currently logged in
  uuencode Encode a binary file
  uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
v
  v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
  vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
  vi       Text Editor
  vmstat   Report virtual memory statistics
w
  watch    Execute/display a program periodically
  wc       Print byte, word, and line counts
  whereis  Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
  which    Search the user's $path for a program file
  while    Execute commands
  who      Print all usernames currently logged in
  whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
  Wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
  write    Send a message to another user
x
  xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
  xdg-open Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
  yes      Print a string until interrupted
  .        Run a command script in the current shell
  ###      Comment / Remark
Commands marked • are bash built-ins, these are available under all shells.

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Presentation the best session :)

Some snapshots regarding a simplest presentation on C Programming (switch case) using Microsoft Powerpoint 2003.
As you know importance of Presentation, It is best, you give your best through out the session of presentation :).

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Ubuntu "Gives Us Free"

UBUNTU Gives FREE!

A Linux for Human Beings

The Ubuntu project is entirely committed to the principles of free software development; people are encouraged to use free software, improve it, and pass it on.

"Free software" doesn't mean that you shouldn't have to pay for it (although Ubuntu is committed to being free of charge as well). It means that you should be able to use the software in any way you wish: the code that makes up free software is available for anyone to download, change, fix, and use in any way. Alongside ideological benefits, this freedom also has technical advantages: when programs are developed, the hard work of others can be used and built upon. With non-free software, this cannot happen and when programs are developed, they have to start from scratch. For this reason the development of free software is fast, efficient and exciting!

You can find out more about free software and the ideological and 

technical philosophy behind it at the GNU website.

THE DIFFERENCES

There are many different operating systems based on Linux: Debian, SuSE, Gentoo, Red Hat, and Mandriva are examples. Ubuntu is yet another contender in what is already a highly competitive world. So what makes

Ubuntu different?

Based on Debian, one of the most widely acclaimed, technologically advanced, and well-supported

distributions, Ubuntu aims to create a distribution that provides an up-to-date and coherent Linux system for desktop and server computing. Ubuntu includes a number of carefully selected packages from the Debian distribution and retains its powerful package management system which allows easy installation and clean removal of programs. Unlike most distributions that ship with a large amount of software that may or may not be of use, Ubuntu's list of packages is reduced to a number of important applications of high quality.

By focusing on quality, Ubuntu produces a robust and feature-rich computing environment that is suitable for

use in both home and commercial environments. The project takes the time required to focus on finer

details and is able to release a version featuring the latest and greatest of today's software once every 6  months. Ubuntu is available in 32-bit and 64-bit flavors, and will run on most modern computers. It is also available for the Sun UltraSPARC and Amazon EC2 architectures.

THE DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT

The desktop is what you see after you log in to your computer and what you use to manage and run applications. The default desktop environment for Ubuntu is GNOME, a leading UNIX and Linux desktop suite and development platform.

You can optionally install the KDE and Xfce desktop environments, which have their own distinctive look and feel. KDE and Xfce are made available in Ubuntu by the Kubuntu and Xubuntu projects respectively. You can even install a KDE-only or Xfce-only version of Ubuntu if you wish.

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Ubuntu - Revolution On O.S

UBUNTU     'A Shared Humanity'

Ubuntu is a community developed operating system that is perfect for laptops, desktops and servers. Whether you use it at home, at school or at work Ubuntu contains all the applications you'll ever need.

Ubuntu says Linux for Human Beings:
As a platform based on Free software, the Ubuntu operating system brings the spirit to individual.
The Ubuntu project is entirely committed to the principles of free software development; people
are encouraged to use free software, improve it, and pass it on.

What is Linux?
The Linux kernel is the heart of the Ubuntu operating system.
          A kernel is an important part of any operating system, providing the communication bridge between hardware and software.
               
Linux was brought to life in 1991 by a Finnish student named Linus Torvalds. At the time, it would run only on i386 systems, and was essentially an independently-created clone of the UNIX kernel, intended to take advantage of the then-new i386 architecture.
  
Nowadays, thanks to a substantial amount of development effort by people all around the world, Linux runs on virtually every modern computer architecture.
                

The Linux kernel has gained an ideological importance as well as a technical one.There is an entire community of people who believe in the ideals of free software and spend their time helping to make open source technology as good as it can be.
               
People in this community gave rise to initiatives such as Ubuntu, standards committees that shape the development of the Internet, organizations like the Mozilla Foundation, responsible for creating Mozilla Firefox, and countless other software projects from which you've almost certainly benefited in the past.
               
The spirit of open source, commonly attributed to Linux, is influencing software developers and users everywhere to drive communities with common goals.
          
What is GNU?

The GNU Project was launched in January 1984 by Richard Stallman, to develop a complete UNIX-style operating system which is comprised of free software: the GNU system. Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the Linux kernel, are now widely used.           

The GNU project is closely linked to the philosophy of free software, which is central to the projects that derive from it, such as Ubuntu.

Ubuntu will always be free of charge, and there is no extra fee for the "enterprise edition".

Ubuntu has a wide range of applications included by default. As famous enlisted below:

Firefox Web Browser
Evolution Mail
Empathy IM Client
Shotwell Photo Manager
Openoffice.org    The Office
 Rhythmbox Music Player
 Ubuntu One
Etc

The Ubuntu community provides extensive free support for any answers you have searching.

Contributes
A wide range of supporters and vibrant community has been supporting Ubuntu as it has always been
a open source.

Qn. What is Open Source?
       Click here to know details!

Qn. How can we get Ubuntu in Nepal?
       Click here for a details !

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